A Canadian Goose swimming across a body of water with a beach, tall prairie grassland and trees in the background

 

Nutrient pollution is a widespread, costly and challenging environmental problem. When too many nutrients, mainly nitrogen and phosphorus, enter our waterbodies they cause excessive algal growth, which can have negative impacts on aquatic ecosystems and produce toxins that can harm people, animals and aquatic life.

Representatives from state agricultural, environmental and natural resource organizations formed a committee to develop recommendations for reducing nutrient loads to surface water and groundwater in Missouri. The resulting Missouri Nutrient Loss Reduction Strategy recommends actions and prioritizes nutrient reduction throughout the state. 

Existing wastewater treatment facilities can reduce nutrient pollution by optimizing their process. Success of any optimization plan depends a great deal on the engagement level of the operators for the optimization project, the support provided at the facility’s management level, the equipment available for and frequency of additional in-plant testing, etc. Operators should be authorized to make operational changes based on an optimization plan. 

Optimization Strategy

The key to any optimization is understanding the science of biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal and creating the optimal environment for these processes to occur. Biological nitrogen removal requires three steps:

  1. Converting Organic-Nitrogen to Ammonia-Nitrogen
  2. Converting Ammonia-Nitrogen to Nitrate-Nitrogen
  3. Converting Nitrate-Nitrogen to Nitrogen Gas

Enhanced biological phosphorus removal is comprised of three steps:

  1. Creating volatile fatty acids (VFAs)
  2. Energizing phosphorus removing microbes (PAOs - Phosphate Accumulating Organisms) as they consume VFAs
  3. PAO growth and multiplication

First you must understand where these environments are, or can be created, within your wastewater treatment facility. Developing a nutrient optimization strategy can include simple operational or structural changes with minimal capital cost. There is no “one-size fits all” solution but many ways to optimize wastewater treatment to improve nutrient removal.

General Resources

State Resources